Abstract: the prevalence of HPV in Russia and the world is quite high, although epidemiological data are limited because morbidity rate of papillomatosis, particularly genital warts, are not clear. The most effective methods of preventing infection are to abstain from sex or monogamous living with an uninfected partner, as well as vaccination against HPV infection. Currently two vaccines against HPV - Gardasil quadrivalent and bivalent Cervarix are approved. Clinical studies have shown that both vaccines are highly effective (> 90%) in the prevention of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of 1, 2 and 3 degrees and anogenital cancer caused by oncogenic virus genotypes. One of the most effective preventive measures to reduce the risk of death from HPV-related cancer diseases is a regular screening. None of the treatments of HPV infection will not totally effective and will not prevent disease transmission. In most cases, treatment is aimed at getting rid of symptoms but not cure infection. Correct and complete counseling, aimed at informing the patient about the connection of HPV infection and cancer, as well as the possibility of preventing infection by timely vaccination are issue at present time.